High blood pressure remains one of the main chronic noncommunicable diseases. It is a condition characterized by persistently high blood pressure in the arterial vessels. It is considered a progressive and degenerative disease, as it tends to worsen over time if not properly controlled.
Photo: Tábita Macabur
According to general practitioner Tábita Macabur, high blood pressure is often classified as a degenerative disease. In most patients, it presents no obvious symptoms. Therefore, approximately 60 percent of hypertensive patients are unaware of their condition, which increases the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.
According to the specialist, diagnosis is made by measuring blood pressure levels. Values above 140/90 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) already constitute hypertension, while numbers reaching 180/190/200 mmHg require immediate medical intervention due to the increased risk of stroke, acute myocardial infarction, or vital organ failure.
The progression of high blood pressure is associated with a multitude of factors. Among the non-modifiable factors are gender, with a higher incidence in males, and ethnicity, which influences genetic predispositions. Among the modifiable factors, the most relevant are excessive alcohol consumption, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and smoking. Another often-overlooked factor is sugar intake.
According to the doctor, excessive glucose in the body causes accelerated fluid retention, significantly increasing blood pressure. In this sense, sugar can have a more harmful impact than salt, especially when it comes from processed foods. "Managing salt in the diet of a hypertensive person doesn't necessarily mean eliminating its consumption, but rather controlling indirect sources of intake, found in processed and canned foods," emphasizes Macabur.
For general practice, the approach to hypertension must go beyond pharmacological treatment. Preventive measures are essential and involve regular physical exercise, which is responsible for the production of nitric oxide, a substance that aids in the dilation and contraction of arteries, contributing to blood pressure regulation.
Additionally, moderation in alcohol consumption, smoking cessation, and maintaining a healthy body weight are considered fundamental pillars for reducing associated risks. Adhering to a balanced diet, lower in sugars and saturated fats, complements the control strategy. High blood pressure is responsible for thousands of preventable deaths each year, explains Tábita Macabur during the Webinar on Ethics and Public Health.
(By Rafael Langa)
